Yield sensing technologies for perennial and annual horticultural crops: a review

Abstract Yield maps provide a detailed account of crop production and potential revenue farm. This level details enables range possibilities from improving input management, conducting on-farm experimentation, or generating profitability map, thus creating value for farmers. While this technology is widely available field crops such as maize, soybean grain, few yield sensing systems exist horticultural berries, vegetable orchards. Nevertheless, wide techniques technologies have been investigated means crops. paper reviews monitoring approaches that can be divided into proximal, either direct indirect, remote measurement principles. It way to estimate forecast prior harvest. For each approach, basic principles are explained well examples application in success rate. The different whether deterministic (direct weight instance) an empirical (capacitance measurements correlated result, which may impact transferability. discussion also covers the precision required tasks trend future perspectives. review demonstrated need more commercial solutions map showed several high rate combining best enough accuracy robustness systems.